Pseudotumor cerebri is a condition that causes increased pressure inside the skull, resulting in symptoms similar to those of a brain tumor. It is often caused by a buildup of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain and occurs more often in women than in men.
Certain medications, underlying medical conditions, or obesity may cause increased intracranial pressure, resulting in pseudotumor cerebri. When no underlying cause for this condition can be determined, it may also be referred to as idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
Increased intracranial pressure within the brain can cause swelling of the optic nerves and vision problems. Additional symptoms of pseudotumor cerebri may include:
If pseudotumor cerebri is suspected, eye exams, visual field tests, and MRI and CT scans may be performed to confirm a diagnosis. A lumbar puncture (spinal tap) may also be administered to measure glucose, protein levels, and intracranial pressure.
The focus of treatment is to improve symptoms and preserve the patient’s vision. If pseudotumor cerebri is caused by obesity, weight loss may be recommended. Symptoms may also be treated with:
In severe cases, surgery may be performed to relieve pressure from the optic nerve, or a shunt may be inserted into the brain to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid.